HANDS IN SCRIPTURE

Fingerprints

Counting with the Fingers
Fingerprint Types
Classes of Civilization
Basic Types of Fingerprints

Counting with the Fingers

One of the obvious uses of the fingers is for counting.  Since the numbers in scripture always come true, knowing the number of the finger reveals its meaning.  From the ministry of the Levitical Priests, it is obvious that the thumb set apart from the other fingers.  It can, therefore, be concluded, as any first-grader will demonstrate, that finger number 1 is the forefinger, or index finger.  Thus, the fingers should be numbered:
1.  Forefinger
2.  Middle Finger
3.  Ring Finger
4.  Little Finger
5.  Thumb
The meaning of the fingers coincides with the meaning of the number of the finger.
  1. Finger 1 represents light, which cannot be divided.  Light is what others see.  The Lord has Light, a person's light shines in the world (Psalm 44:3; Matthew 5:14-16).  It is what the world sees.  Light refers to individual identity expressed to the public.  It is glory, which may be the ego or persona.
  2. Finger 2 represents the all in all.  It brings to bear all the cognitive processes to form a consolidated, or integrated, viewpoint.  It considers self in relation to others.  The person is no longer an individual but a part of a group.  Finger 2 represents the systemic perspective.  It represents how a person fits in a group.
  3. Finger 3 represents justice. It represents analytical skill, discernment, and judgment.  The judgment may be good or bad.  It may be critical and judgmental or it may be a means of vindication and success.
  4. Finger 4 represents self.  It is the little man of the soul.  It is the private self, not the public image.  As four is the number for weakness, the individual is weak without outside help.  The little finger is a metaphor for weakness (1 Kings 12:10; 2 Chronicles 10:10).
  5. Finger 5, the thumb, represents the volition, or will.  The four fingers are weak without the thumb, which provides strength.  This illustrates grace, the meaning of number 5.  Man is strong when he responds to the grace of God.

Meaning of the Fingers

. Finger
Meaning
1 Forefinger Light, ego, persona, one, individual, 1st person (I)
2 Middle Finger All in all, system, group, integration, together, component
3 Ring Finger Justice, vindication, role identity, criticism, arts, beauty
4 Little Finger Self, little person of soul, weakness, intellect, wit, science, business, doctor, lawyer, communication, security
5 Thumb Volition, will, control, strength

Fingerprint Types

Each finger is stamped with a unique identifying marking from the signet ring of God.  The fingerprints of each individual are unique.  No two individuals, not even identical twins, have the same fingerprints.  However, there are only three basic fingerprint types.  All fingerprints in the human race are variations of the three basic types.  This is explained by the three sons of Noah, who survived the Flood and from whom all the human race is descended.  Noah prophesied the destiny of the human race that would be descended from his three sons.
Genesis 9:26-27
26 He also said, “Blessed be the LORD,
The God of Shem;
And let Canaan be his servant.
27 May God make wide for Japheth,
And let him dwell in the tents of Shem;
And let Canaan be his servant.
Noah had three sons, Shem, Japheth, and Ham.  Shem was the father of the Semitic races who settled in Assyria.  Japheth was the father of the Caucasians who settled in Asia Minor and Europe.  And Ham was the father of Canaan and the Arab races that settled in Arabia and Africa.  After Ham committed a homosexual act of incest with Noah, he was cursed.  In the curse Noah called Ham by the name of his most degenerate son, Canaan.

Shem received all the blessings of the firstborn.  But Shem was blessed the most by the LORD.  The symbol of blessing in the fingerprints is the eye.  So Shem undoubtedly had eyes on his fingers.  "Make wide" for Japheth means to extend the borders of the descendants of Japheth, which is a sign of national prosperity.  Japheth was destined to dwell in the tents of Shem.  This is a Hebrew metaphor.  The descendants of Shem would pitch their tents around the Tabernacle of the LORD.  In Israel, all the nations of the earth would be blessed.  Dwelling in the tents of Shem is a metaphor for the Spiritual heritage of the Jews that would be passed to the Gentiles.  From Israel, the Savior of the world was born, and Christianity followed.

And the Word became flesh, and tabernacled among us, and we have seen the glory, the glory of the uniquely born from the source of the Father, full of grace and doctrine. (John 1:14)

For the Law was given through Moses; grace and doctrine came through Jesus Christ. (John 1:18)

Japheth undoubtedly had the fingerprint type that resembled tents of Shem on his fingers.  Canaan, however, was cursed, and he would be a servant of Shem (verse 26) and Japheth (verse 27).  Canaan is the Hebrew/u^n^K=(Kena`an), which means the submissive one and comes from a root that means to bend or subjugate.  Canaan undoubtedly had the fingerprint type called loops on his fingers.

The three basic fingerprint types of the human race are eyes, tents (including arches), and loops.  These three types were associated with the sons of Noah.  Shem had eyes.  Japheth had tents.  And Ham became the father of Canaan, who had loops.  The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has identified seven basic fingerprint types (reference Fingerprint Identification).  This categorization can even be simplified to the following types:
 

Fingerprint Types

Type
Meaning
Eye Grace, a gift, talent, creativity
Ulnar (Common) Loop* Follower; loop opens toward bottom of hand
Radial Loop* Leader; loop opens toward thumb
Arch Traditional values; tied to the past, home life
Tent Intense, intellectual tie to the past, home life
            * Note:  All fingerprint illustrations are from right hand viewed in front of the face

Please note that the perspective of viewing the fingerprint illustrations is from the vantage point of holding the right hand in front of the face.  The fingerprint on paper will be reversed.  The ulnar, or common loop, is like a lasso that is open toward the ulnar side of the hand, which is the side of the little finger.  The radial loop is like a lasso that is open toward the thenar, or thumb, side of the hand.

Caution
The difference between the right hand and the left must be taken into consideration in the meaning of fingerprints.  The dominant hand (right hand in right-handed person or left in left-handed person) is the hand of action and the non-dominant hand is the hand of response.  The dominant hand is like the active voice and the non-dominant hand is like the passive voice.

Note

The explanation here is based upon right-handed people where the right hand is used for the dominant hand and the left for the non-dominant hand.  Left-handed people will need to reverse the definitions.  For them, the left hand is dominant.

Classes of Civilization

The simple meaning of the classes of civilization based upon fingerprint types then emerges.
 

Classes of Civilization Based on Fingerprint Types

Type
Meaning
Profession
Eye Grace King, royalty, nobility
Tent Estate Entrepreneurs, intellectuals
Arch Doorway Trade, craftsmen, farmers
Loop Slave Slave, servant, maid

The eye symbolizes grace and represents the highest level of society, which includes kings, queens, royalty, and nobility.  Royalty is represented by the color, purple.  The tent symbolizes the family estate, which is passed down to succeeding generations.  It represents entrepreneurs and intellectuals, who have their heads in the clouds as represented by the color, blue.  The patriarch and his family live in tents.  The arch symbolizes the door of the tent.  Those who are employed by the owner of the tent enter and exit the tent to work in their trade or craft.  Those who enter and exit include farmers, tailors, carpenters, electricians, telephone repairmen, shoemakers, and craftsmen.  The color, green, represents the prosperity of this class.  The loop represents the slaves or servants, who are owned by the owner of the tent.  These people work daily in the tent or on the plantation.  They are characterized by the color, red, for fear and worry in their toil on the earth.

Basic Types of Fingerprints

Eye

The Eye is the same as the whorl.  The Eye is a scriptural term.  Eyes in scripture represent grace.  The four Living Creatures around the Throne of God5 were full of eyes (Ezekiel 10:12; Revelation 4:6, 8).  It is important to recognize an eye in order to interpret it correctly.  Therefore, the term, whorl, will not be used.  The Eye includes several variations that are categorized separately by some.1  The Eye includes the FBI Central Pocket Loop and Plain Whorl.  It also includes what others call the Target Whorl, Spiral Whorl, Shell Whorl, and Peacock's Eye (a loop with an eye in it).  The Double Loop also may be classified as an eye, but it will be discussed separately as one of the different types of eyes.

The open eye represents grace.  In the dedication of the Temple, Solomon prayed that the LORD's eyes would be open toward the Temple.

that Your eyes may be open upon this house night and day, upon the place of which Thou have said, ‘My name shall be there,’ to listen to the prayer which Your servant offers toward this place. (1 Kings 8:29)
When the LORD's eyes are open, grace will come down to the Temple.  The LORD heard Solomon's prayer.
“Now My eyes shall be open and My ears attentive to the prayer offered in this place. (2 Chronicles 7:15, NAS)
Here, the LORD's eyes saw Solomon's prayer.  The eyes being open means the LORD was receptive to Solomon's prayer.  The LORD's eyes both saw and perceived Solomon's request.  This represented the LORD's grace seeing.  The LORD's eyes can both see and perceive a request for grace and also provide grace.  Thus, the eyes of the LORD both act and respond in grace.

Open eyes are a metaphor for perception.

“For God knows that in the day you eat from it your eyes will be opened, and you will be like God, knowing good and evil.” (Genesis 3:5, NAS)
Here, the devil told the 'Ishah, the woman, in the Garden that eating the forbidden fruit would open her eyes.  He implied that she would be as smart as God and know good from evil.  If she ate the forbidden fruit, she would perceive the difference between good and evil because she would receive a conscience.  In her current sinless state, she could not perceive evil.  Opening a person's eyes to evil represents perception, but it does not represent grace because eyes full of evil are in darkness.
Then the eyes of both of them were opened, and they knew that they were naked; and they sewed fig leaves together and made themselves loin coverings. (Genesis 3:7)
After Adam and the woman sinned, they perceived they were naked, which had never been a source of shame before.  But with their guilty conscience, nakedness was a source of shame.  Here again, the eyes being open is a metaphor for perception.

Open eyes represent perception of the Light of God.

to open their eyes so that they may turn from darkness to light and from the dominion of Satan to God, in order that they may receive forgiveness of sins and an inheritance among those who have been sanctified by faith in Me.’ (Acts 26:18, NAS)
Satan's kingdom is represented by darkness, while God is Light.  Open eyes can see, or perceive, the Light of God.

Closed eyes, in contrast, represent cursing.

For the heart of this people has become insensitive,
And with their ears they are hard of hearing,
And they have closed their eyes
Lest they should see with their eyes,
And hear with their ears,
And understand with their heart and return,
And I should heal them.' (Matthew 13:15)
This is a description of people with scar tissue of the soul.  "They have closed the eyes" means they have rejected grace.  People with scar tissue of the soul reject the grace policy of God.  With their eyes closed they cannot see with divine viewpoint in order to verify Bible Doctrine on the Stage of Life.

Common Loop

The Common Loop opens toward the ulnar side of the hand, which is opposite the thumb.  The Loop represents a lasso, which is used for roping livestock.  When the loop is around the neck of the animal, it will follow.  When Jerusalem fell, the younger women were hooked to a rope line with an encircling loop of rope and marched off to Babylon.

Now it will come about that instead of balmy perfume, there will be moldiness;
Instead of the sash, an encircling rope;
Instead of curled hair, baldness;
Instead of dress clothes, a frock of sackcloth;
And branding instead of beauty. (Isaiah 3:24)
The encircling rope (Hebrew niqepah) or lasso is the meaning of the term, Loop.  Common Loops represent followers, people who go with the flow and follow the leader.

Radial Loop

Sometimes an animal that is lassoed decides not to follow the leader.  The loop, or lasso, then becomes a harness for seizing control from the leader.  Some animals simply will not follow the leader even when they are lassoed.

“Can you bind the oryx in a furrow with a rope (leading rein),
Or will he harrow the valleys following you?  (Job 39:10)
The rhetorical question the Lord posed to Job demonstrated that the oryx (an Arabian antellope)4 cannot be harnessed by man to plow a field.  The oryx, which will turn around and go the other way, is like the Radial Loop. The Radial Loop, in contrast to the Common Loop, opens toward the thumb.  It is the sign of a leader.  It also represents non-conformity, a person who goes against the grain.

Arch

The Arch represents a doorway of a house or tent.  Joshua used to stand as a guard at the doorway of the tent where Moses met the Lord (Exodus 33:11).  This was a separate tent from the Tabernacle.  Joshua was Moses' assistant, or deputy.  Moses was the leader, and Joshua was his closest follower.  Thus, Joshua was indoctrinated in the policy of Moses.  Joshua was a guard, and guards are a class associated with the doorway of a tent, which corresponds to the Arch fingerprint.

The Arch represents a person with traditional values like Joshua.  Such types may be tied to the past.  They are strongly influenced by their home life.  They may work in trades, crafts, or security.

Tent

The Tent, which is also called the Tented Arch, is shaped like a tent.  Abraham owned a large estate.  He had 300 cowboys in his militia and had large herds of cattle.  Such would qualify him to the be the king of a city in Canaan.  His wife, Sarah, undoubtedly wanted him to build a large ranch house, or castle, like the other kings.  However, Abraham would have none of it.  He lived in a tent till the day he died.

Hebrews 11:9-10
9 By faith (doctrine in the soul), he lived as a temporary resident in the Land of the Promise, as to a foreign land, dwelling in tents with Isaac and Jacob, joint-heirs of the same promise.  10 For he himself kept waiting for a city having the foundation whose architect and builder is God.
The Tent is a much more intense intellectual tie to the past or home life.  God promised Abraham a city, and Abraham lived in anticipation of the fulfillment of that promise.  Abraham was a patriarch, and it was important for him to live in a tent to symbolize his status as head of the estate, which would be passed down to his son, Isaac.

Those who lived in tents were the family of the entrepreneur.  They were the recipients of the family inheritance, they had time to pursue intellectual interests.  Thus, the tent is also associated with the intellectual.

Combinations

Beyond these five basic types of fingerprints, there are variations and combinations of the basic types, which indicate nuances.  For example, the Double Loop is a type of Eye.  It is a special gift, but it may represent a gift for duplicity, such as a liar or a con artist.  The Accidental type is a catch-all category of the FBI.

Eye

Eye
Eye on First Finger
Eye on Middle Finger
Eye on Third Finger
Eye on Little Finger
Eye on Thumb
Peacock's Eye

EyeEye

The Eye represents grace or a special gift.  An eye on any finger represents special artistic or technical skill, creativity, and originality, which is impossible for the mediocre to conceive.  In the Parable of the Talents (Matthew 25:14-30), the slaves were given 5 talents, 2 talents, 1 one talent.  The talent was the largest measure of money by weight.  A talent was 60 minas, where a mina was 50 shekels, and a shekel was 220 grains.6  A talent of gold was worth about $16,500 and 5 talents $82,500.  Eyes on the fingers correspond to the talents given to the slaves.  Five eyes on the fingers of a hand would represent the most gifted people.  Moses probably had five eyes on the fingers of both hands.  Albert Einstein had eyes on 7 of his fingers.  He had eyes on the right hand fingers 1, 3, and thumb and the left hand fingers 1, 2, 3, and thumb.  His other fingers had loops.3

The type of gift depends upon the finger on which the eye is located.  The gifts of grace on the fingers must not be confused with the Spiritual gifts which are bestowed at the moment of Salvation.  The gifts on the hands are for believers and unbelievers.  They are for use under the Laws of Establishment.  However, wherever a person goes in the Spiritual Life, the hands will follow.  When Moses crossed the Red Sea, his hands followed.  When Noah built the Ark, his hands did the work. And when the Lord Jesus Christ died on the Cross, His hands were pierced.
 

The Eye

N
Finger
Meaning
Right
Left
1 Forefinger Gift of Light  Execution, magnetism, single-minded Perception, seeing clearly, seeing truth
2 Middle Finger Gift of Integration Management, organization Categorization, philosophy, mysteries
3 Ring Finger Gift of Justice Vindication, incrimination, proving fault, perfectionist Verification, discernment, recognizing fault
4 Little Finger Gift of Humility Communication, care Individualism, non-conformance
5 Thumb Gift of Willpower Domination; dictatorial Deliverance, rescue, courage

Eye on First Finger

The Eye on the first finger represents the gift of light.  The person with an eye on the left forefinger is full of light coming in, or perception.  The person with an eye on the right forefinger is full of light going out, which corresponds to execution, or letting the light shine.  The gift of light may represent a person who becomes prominent by letting his light shine.  This type has a gift for expressing himself in accordance with his calling in the Sovereign Design of God (Matthew 5:14-16).  Einstein, who had eyes on the first finger of both hands, not only became famous, but he became famous by a new theory of light that viewed it as a particle with a constant speed in a vacuum.

The person with an Eye on the left forefinger may have the gift of perception.  This person sees clearly mentally, as illustrated by the eye.

“The lamp of the body is the eye; if, therefore, your eye is clear, your whole body will be full of light. (Matthew 6:22)
The word, "clear," is the Greek aJplou'" (aplous), which literally means single.  In other words, the person sees a single image as opposed to the multiple images characteristic of a person with blurred vision.  That is how perception is associated with the first finger.  The person with the gift of perception sees through things to arrive at the ultimate truth.  A person with this gift will be able to see through a liar.  Children with an Eye on the left forefinger will be able to see through their parents' lies.

The Eye on the right forefinger may also represent a decision maker.  This type may have the self-confidence to make decisions.  The person may be single-minded and not easily distracted.  The person may also have strong magnetism and exercise, strong leadership.

The gift of light represented by an Eye on the first finger is analogous to the gift of faith in the Spiritual Life.  Although the Spiritual gift is no longer extant, people can still have faith.  Faith may be active or passive.  It is what is believed, and it is execution, or works, based upon what is believed as explained in the book of James.  Thus, faith may be analogous to an eye on either the left or right forefinger.  Many of the great people of faith (Hebrews 11) very likely had an eye on the first finger also.  Examples include Job, Noah, Abraham, Sarah, Moses, Joseph, David, Solomon, Daniel, and John.

Abraham's faith responded to the grace of God (Romans 4:16).  He also expressed his faith in faith-rest.  He was one of the all-time examples of faith (Hebrews 11:8).  Sarah's name was originally Sarai, which means bossy or contentious.  She had an authority problem, which she overcame, and she ran the household (Genesis 16:6).   She demonstrated her ability to see clearly when she got rid of Hagar (Genesis 21:9-10).

Eye on Middle Finger

The Eye on the middle finger represents the gift of integration.  On the right hand, it may be a gift for management or organization.  On the left hand it may be a gift for categorization and philosophy.  The gift of integration on the right middle finger in the active sense may include consolidating, organizing, and managing information.  This type will be able to manage all the items in a business, for example, or be good at managing data bases.  The gift of integration on the left middle finger in the passive sense, means integrity in the stream of consciousness, which is the full use of all of the faculties of the stream of consciousness.  It is the counterpart of the spiritual gift of knowledge in the pre-canon period. It includes systemic perspective.  This type will be able to handle the details without becoming confused.  But people with this gift may also possess the annoying trait of appearing to ignore the detail to see the forest but not the trees.  And this type may also enjoy unraveling mysteries.

Biblical characters who likely had this gift include Noah, Samson, Delilah, Moses, Bathshebah, Solomon, Joseph, David, and Solomon.  Noah was the captain of a ship which housed all the animal types of the world.  Moses managed the nation of Israel.  Bathshebah managed her household (Proverbs 31:10-31).  Solomon managed more wealth than any king on earth.  Joseph was the Prime Minister of Egypt who managed granaries during years of feast and famine.  David managed Israel as King.  And Solomon managed a vast estate (1 Kings 10:23).

Noah

Noah had the gift of integration.

These are the genealogical records of Noah.  Noah, a Righteous Right Man, his integrity was complete in his generation.  Noah walked with the God. (Genesis 16:9)
Noah had God's Righteousness.  He was a believer with faith, who did not have defiled DNA by being descended from a woman's cohabitation with demons.  Noah's family did not cohabit with demons.  Noah, his wife, his sons and their wives were the only people left on earth who did not have their DNA defiled by demons.  The word that is translated Right Man is the Hebrew 'ish, which means Right Man.  Noah's Righteousness included his status as a Right Man without defiled DNA.  An eye on the first finger would represent the gift of perception, which corresponds symbolically to Righteousness and faith.  However, Noah's integrity was also complete.  The Hebrew word tamim, means complete and refers to having integrity and the Integrity Envelope.  The concept of being complete is the meaning of an eye on the middle finger.  Being complete means having systemic viewpoint and the gift of integration.

"Noah walked with God."  The preposition, "with," is the Hebrew 'eth, which means together with.  Noah obeyed the strategic will of God.  He followed the paths that God commanded.  When God gave him the strategic plan for the Flood, Noah built the Ark in compliance with that plan.  Noah in the tenth generation from Adam was a brilliant engineer.  The men who lived in the ten generations from Adam would be considered super geniuses.  Their mastery of math, science, and engineering was very advanced.

Genesis 6:13-14
13 Then God said to Noah, “The end of all flesh has come before Me; for the earth is filled with violence because of them; and behold, I am about to destroy them with the earth. 14 “Make for yourself an ark of gopher wood; you shall make the ark with cells, and shall cover it inside and out with pitch.
The word, gopher, is the transliteration of the Hebrew word, which literally means resin.  The type wood is not known but it was probably cypress.  The word for ark was tebah, which simply means box, chest, or coffin.  Noah was to build the equivalent of a large houseboat.  There was no mention of a V-bow or navigation aids such as a rudder.  The ark was probably more like a barge than a ship.  The ark would have cells, which is the Hebrew, qen, which means nests or cells.  And the ark was to be covered inside and out with pitch, which is the Hebrew copher, meaning asphalt.
“This is how you shall make it: the length of the ark three hundred cubits, its breadth fifty cubits, and its height thirty cubits. (Genesis 6:15)
A cubit was the distance from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger, which was 17.72 inches for the common cubit.  The ark was to be 300 cubits long, which is the number for judgment.  The dimensions of the ark would be 300 cubits (443 feet) by 50 cubits (73.8 feet) long by 30 cubits (44.3 feet) high.  It would be three stories.  Now, that's a big ship.  It was a big engineering project, which required good management.  Even if Noah had help, building such a barge would be quite a feat.  It took Noah a hundred years to build and was one of the ways that Noah evangelized the world.  He preached for a hundred years, and didn't have a single convert other than his sons and their wives.  Noah's ability to build the huge ark, stock and manage it for the animals, was indicative of great management ability.  He did the work with his hands, and there was undoubtedly an eye on his right middle finger.

Samson

Samson was a person whose personality indicated an eye on the left middle finger.  Samson was keenly aware of the system in which he found himself.  But since the system involved a relationship with the Philistines, the system was fraught with problems.  The relationship with the Philistines began with his own Right Woman, a Philistine.  Samson propounded a riddle for the wedding festival (Judges 14:12-13).  Intrigue with riddles is one of the characteristics of a person with an eye on the middle finger.  No one could guess the riddle until Samson was dumb enough to tell his wife, who then gossiped to her Philistine friends.  The marriage failed after a seven-day honeymoon.

Samson's systemic viewpoint, a characteristic of the Middle Finger, can be seen in his reaction when his father-in-law gave his wife to his best man.  When Samson went to visit his wife, his wife's father met him with the bad news:

Her father said, "I thought you really hated her; therefore, I gave her to your best man.  Is not her younger sister better looking than she?    Please let her be yours instead of her. (Judges 15:2)
Samson's reaction was against the whole nation of Philistines because of the wrong that one person had done to him.
Samson said to them, "This time I am innocent before the Philistines if I do evil to them" (Judges 15:3)
Samson resolved to avenge the wrong he had received from one member of the Philistines upon the whole nation.  He caught 300 jackals, tied them tale to tale with torches between them, and set them loose in the wheat fields and groves of the Philistines. This demonstrated the Radial Loop on his index finger as well, which will be covered later.  Samson was right in his viewpoint.  His marriage failed because of the Philistine culture.  His Right Woman was a Philistine, but she would not separate from her Philistine culture to obey her Israelite husband.  Her rejection of Samson's authority ruined his life.  He went wild after that and took it out on the Philistines.  And he was right in doing so.  God backed him all the way.

There are two reasons that God prescribes marriages between two different cultures, races, or countries.  One reason is to bless a nation.  The Philistines could have been blessed if they had obeyed Israel.  The beginning of that blessing would have been Samson and his Philistine wife.  Marriage is the seed of society and the foundation of a culture.  The other reason that God prescribes such marriages is to curse a nation.  That's what happened to Samson's marriage.  Israel was under the rule of the Philistines, and that arrangement would not support interracial marriage.  Therefore, the nation was doomed to be divided, and Samson was the beginning of the destruction of the Philistines.

Later, Samson encountered Delilah, who was very curious about Samson's deepest secret.  She probably had an Eye on her middle finger like Samson, although this did not make her Samson's Right Woman. The name, Delilah, is from Hebrew and Arabic roots that mean to hang or dangle as the hair or the wiggling, flirting behavior of a female.  Long hair on the woman can be a sign of submission to authority or slavery to the goddess of love.  Delilah pestered Samson until she discovered the secret of his strength related to his long hair (Judges 16:1-21).  The intrigue over the mystery of Samson's strength is another example of the thinking associated with an Eye on the middle finger.

In his death Samson was keenly aware of the system around him.  The leaders of the Philistines threw a party in honor of their god, Dagon, whom they credited with delivering them from Samson.

Now the lords of the Philistines assembled to offer a great sacrifice to Dagon their god, and to rejoice, for they said, “Our god has given Samson our enemy into our hands.” (Judges 16:23, NAS)
As about 3,000 of the Philistines stood on the roof of the assembly hall to be amused by Samson, Samson conceived a plan to vindicate himself for the loss of his two eyes.  Vindication is associated with the third finger.
Judges 16:27-28, NAS
27 Now the house was full of men and women, and all the lords of the Philistines were there. And about 3,000 men and women were on the roof looking on while Samson was amusing them.
28 Then Samson called to the Lord and said, “O Lord God, please remember me and please strengthen me just this time, O God, that I may at once be avenged of the Philistines for my two eyes.”
Samson would destroy the system, which included himself.  Systemic thinking is associated with the middle finger.  He leaned on the two support pillars and brought the roof down on him.  He killed himself with the Philistines.
Judges 16:29-30, NAS
29 And Samson grasped the two middle pillars on which the house rested, and braced himself against them, the one with his right hand and the other with his left. 30 And Samson said, “Let me die with the Philistines!” And he bent with all his might so that the house fell on the lords and all the people who were in it. So the dead whom he killed at his death were more than those whom he killed in his life.

Eye on Third Finger

The Eye on the third, ring, finger represents the gift of justice.  People with an Eye on the third finger make good judges.  They are not easily influenced in decision making.   They are perfectionists.  Those with an eye on the right ring finger may use it for vindication on the good side, while on the bad side, it may be used for finding fault and criticizing.  Those with this gift may be good at verification testing and analysis.  Those with an eye on the left ring finger may have discernment and be good at verification and recognizing fault.  On the good side, they may be intently focused.  On the bad side, they may not be able to handle interruptions easily.

Biblical characters who likely had this gift include Samson, Joseph, and Daniel.  Samson was a great judge of Israel.  Joseph and Daniel analyzed dreams and prophetic signs.

Eye on Little Finger

The Eye on the little finger represents the gift of humility, which comes from a true sense of self.  True humility is not at all demeaning.  It represents sensitivity.  Those with an eye on the right little finger often take great care and pay attention to detail.  They may have academic humility, which makes them good students.  When pressed, they may also display a gift of communication.  They may interrupt a conversation to make a point they feel is important even if it is off the subject.  They may make good quality control engineers or whistle blowers.  The recognition of a true sense of self may be expressed in idealism.  Such types may have idealistic attitudes and unrealistic expectations about love relationships.  The eye on the left little finger may be expressed as individuality or non-conformance

Moses is the great example of humility.  Because of his humility he was able to continue to learn about God and become the greatest believer of all time.  Moses' humility was like the person with an eye on the little finger.  When God told him to go to Pharaoh on behalf of Israel and to lead the congregation of Israel, Moses claimed that he wasn't a dynamic speaker.

Then Moses said to the Lord, “Please, Lord, I have never been eloquent, neither recently nor in time past, nor since Thou hast spoken to Thy servant; for I am slow of speech and slow of tongue.” (Exodus 4:10, NAS)
Moses was so full of excuses that God appointed Aaron as his mouthpiece.  This is typical of a person with an eye on the right little finger.  Such people may become very eloquent when they are highly motivated for a great cause.

However, the great example of Moses' humility was in the context of his second wife, the Cushite woman.

Miriam and Aaron spoke intently against Moses because of the Right Woman, the Cushite whom he had married because a Cushite Right Woman he had married. (Numbers 12:1)
Moses married a Cushite woman probably after his first wife, Zipporah, died.  There was a lot of bitterness on the part of Zipporah toward Moses and friction in the marriage.  So, it does not appear that Zipporah was Moses' Right Woman.  However, the Cushite woman was undoubtedly Moses' Right Woman.  She is called 'ishah, which means a woman as the Right Woman of the Right Man.  That is why it has been translated, "Right Woman."  Miriam reacted to Moses' marriage to the Cushite in typical Hebrew snobbishness.  This was not so much a racial issue as a social issue.

The Cushites were the Ethiopians (2 Kings 19:9; Esther 1:1; Ezekiel 29:10).  They were the descendants of Ham, whom Noah cursed through his son, Canaan.  Canaan was cursed, and Cain was cursed.  The line of Cain showed up in the Black Ethiopians, since the mark of Cain was a visible change in skin color.  The social hierarchy was first, the line of Shem (Hebrew), then Japheth (Caucasian), and lastly, Ham (African, Ethiopian, Oriental, Egyptian).  Cush was one of the sons of Ham (Genesis 10:6).  Therefore, Miriam was upset because Moses had married a son of Ham with the curse of Cain.  The only thing possibly worse would have been to marry a Canaanite.

Miriam spoke against Moses.  The word for speaking is dabar in the Pi'el stem, which is intensive.  She spoke intently against Moses, which means she said specific things in gossip.  Now, Aaron, who was a typical follower, agreed with his older sister.

They said, "Has indeed the LORD spoken doctrine only through Moses, and not also through us has He spoken doctrine?"  And the LORD heard. (Numbers 12:2)
Miriam was full of self-righteous snobbishness, but she expressed it by attacking the Spiritual authority of Moses.  She was a prophetess, and Aaron was the High Priest.  So, she tried to make the point that she and Aaron were just as qualified to teach the doctrine the LORD had spoken as Moses.  The word, dabar, is used here again in the Pi'el stem.  Dabar means to communicate something specific.  In this case what was communicated was Bible Doctrine.  Therefore, it has been translated, "spoken doctrine."

The LORD is the tetragrammaton, jhwh, which could be translated, Jehovah, and refers to one specific member of the Godhead.  It literally means the Self-Existing One.  It was the Lord Jesus Christ, who spoke doctrine.  And the LORD heard the gossip of Miriam and Aaron.  He heard and He disciplined Miriam severely for it.  He gave her leprosy.

The next verse reveals how Moses handled the attack on his choice of marriage partner.

(Now the Right Man, Moses, was very humble, more than all men that were on the face of the earth.) (Numbers 12:3)
Moses wrote this verse.  He is not putting in a plug for his humility.  Humility is something that when you realize you have it, you've lost it.  Moses calls himself 'Ish, which means man as a Right Man or husband.  Moses was humble more than all the other men on the face of the earth.  Here the word, "men," is 'adam, which is a general term for man without regard to his status as a Right Man or husband.  Moses was more humble because God had given him a Right Woman who was a Cushite, the lowest social class.  Now Moses' attitude about this was that he was honored and very grateful that the Lord had given him a Right Woman; and it was no problem for Moses, the greatest Hebrew of all time, to love the woman of the lowest social status.  Moses loved her, respected her, and was humbled to her level to be her Right Man.  Moses' humility was based upon what God had done, not through anything he had done.  Moses was humbled and content with the gift of his Right Woman from God.  There is no better example of the gift of humility than Moses.

Gideon is another example of the thinking of a person with an eye on his right little finger.

Judges 6:14-15, NAS
14 And the Lord looked at him and said, “Go in this your strength and deliver Israel from the hand of Midian. Have I not sent you?” 15 And he said to Him, “O Lord, how shall I deliver Israel? Behold, my family is the least in Manasseh, and I am the youngest in my father’s house.”
Gideon knew himself.  He described himself as a little finger.  He knew the little man in the soul, and he knew he was weak.  His Spiritual Life, however, overcame his human weakness.
No matter what problem is shown on the hands, the Spiritual Life can solve that problem.

Eye on Thumb

The Eye on the thumb represents the gift of willpower.  An eye on the right thumb may be a sign of a beneficent ruler or domination of evil, but it could also be the sign of a dictator or evil domination.  The eye on the left thumb may be a sign of courage, deliverance, or rescue.  The Eye on the thumb may be a sign of willingness to obey God and be associated with strong faith, or it may be associated with willingness to disobey God and be associated with hardness of the heart like case of Pharaoh.

Biblical examples include Noah, Abraham, Sarah, and Pharaoh of the Exodus.  Moses may have had an eye on his right thumb.  Noah obeyed the will of God for a hundred years while he was building the ark (Genesis 6:3, 22; 7:5, Hebrews 11:7).  Abraham obeyed the will of God (Romans 4:3).

Sarah is one of the best examples of a person with an eye on the right thumb.  Before Abraham was circumcised, she used her willpower to be bossy, dictatorial, and contentious.  Her name was Sara, which has been transliterated, Sarai, and means bossy or contentious.  She treated her slaves harshly.  When Haggar got pregnant, Sarai treated her so harshly that she ran away.

But Abram said to Sarai, "Behold, your maid is in your hand; do to her what is good in your eyes." So Sarai treated her harshly, and she fled from her presence. (Genesis 16:6)
However, the Angel of the Lord, a theophany (a preincarnate appearance of the Lord Jesus Christ), appeared to her and told her to return and submit to Sarai's power.
Then the angel of the Lord commanded her, "Return to your mistress, and humble yourself  under her hands (power)." (Genesis 16:9)
Here the Lord backed up the authority of Sarai.  Slaves are not supposed to be arrogant and rebellious.  This does not mean that the Lord condones slavery or abuse of power.  Sarai was undergoing a different kind of divine punishment at the time.  Under the Law of Volitional Responsibility, she was reaping what she had sown.  It was her idea for Abraham to marry Hagar.

When Abraham reached Spiritual Maturity, his name was changed from Abram to Abraham and Sarai's name was changed to Sarah, which means princess.

Then God said to Abraham, “As for Sarai your wife, you shall not call her name Sarai, but Sarah shall be her name. (Genesis 17:15)
Thus, Sarah became one of the great examples of obedience (1 Peter 3:6).  She no longer had an authority problem with Abraham, and she no longer abused her authority over her slaves.

However, Sarah's bold personality did not change.  When Isaac was a child, Sarah saw Ishmael, the son of Hagar, mocking Isaac.  She demanded that Abraham drive Hagar and her son away from the camp.  This was not just a case of separation but a case of removing the undesirable permanently.

Genesis 21:9-10, NAS
9 Now Sarah saw the son of Hagar the Egyptian, whom she had borne to Abraham, mocking. 10 Therefore she said to Abraham, “Drive out this maid and her son, for the son of this maid shall not be an heir with my son Isaac.”
Sarah saw through the whole thing because she had an eye on the left forefinger.  Sarah's bold willpower rose up associated with the eye on her thumb, and she demanded a very strong solution.  The solution was to kick Hagar and her son out of the camp.  Sending a woman and her child off into the country could mean their death, which Sarah fully understood.  However, since it was a personnel matter, she raised the issue with Abraham, who was in charge of such matters.  Sarah understood the gravity of the decision and the limit of her authority.
The matter distressed Abraham greatly because of his son. (Genesis 21:11)
Technically, Hagar was owned by Abraham, even though Sarah managed her.  But Abraham was the father of Ishmael, over whom Sarah had no authority.

Here again, the Lord backed Sarah.  Abraham was in a dilemma.  Was Sarah being her old, bossy self?

But God said to Abraham, “Do not be distressed because of the lad and your maid; whatever Sarah tells you, listen to her, for through Isaac your descendants shall be named. (Genesis 21:12, NAS)
God gave Abraham the answer, which means that the answer was associated with the Sovereign Design of God.  Children should be protected from evil, but that does not justify putting another mother and child in harm's way.  The decision involved more than family favorites.  Women are supposed to do what Sarah did.  They are supposed to speak up.  But they are also supposed to do it the way Sarah did.  She took the matter to her husband to rely upon his judgment.

God's answer was from the Sovereign Design of God.  His answer strikes at the very heart of the Israeli-Arab conflict. Ishmael was the father of the Arab nations that would oppose Israel.  Just as there was no peace between Ishmael and Isaac, there will not be peace today between the nation of Israel and its Arab neighbors.  World leaders who promise to end the Arab-Israeli conflict are full of lies.
 

Peacock's Eye

.
Finger
Meaning
1 Forefinger Artist, entertainer
2 Middle Finger Glamorous viewpoint, integration, or production; movie producer
3 Ring Finger Miraculous deliverance from danger; mission impossible success
4 Little Finger King's servant; glory in humble service
5 Thumb Royal flare, fanfare, ceremony

Peacock's Eye

The Peacock's Eye is a combination of an eye within a Loop.  It thus exhibits the qualities of both the Eye and the Loop.  It looks like an eye in a peacock's feather.
For the king's ships went to Tarshish with the servants of Huram.  Once every three years the ships of Tarshish used to come bringing gold and silver, ivory, apes, and peacocks. (2 Chronicles 9:21)
Tarshish, in Spain, was a famous smelting center.  Huram was Hiram, King of Tyre.  Gold, silver, and ivory were obviously valuables, but what about the apes and peacocks?  Apes and peacocks were the ultimate symbols of entertainment.  Apes represent philanderers or actors, who mimic people.  And peacock's represent glamour.  Entertainers, especially females, often wear glamorous costumes.  Solomon imported the apes and peacock's to entertain his audience at his parties.

Peacock's Eye on Forefinger

The Peacock's Eye on the forefinger is usually the sign of an artist or entertainer who concentrates his talents on the prospective audience.  A Peacock's Eye with a Radial Loop on the first finger indicates a mothering leader, who needs a crew to work for him or her, such as a ship's captain.  These types take the lead with an audience.  Solomon probably had a peacock's eye on the right first finger.  Walt Disney had a Peacock's Eye on the right forefinger inside a Common Loop, while Richard Nixon had a Peacock's Eye on the right forefinger inside a Radial Loop.2,3

Thus, King Solomon became greater than all the kings of the earth in riches and wisdom. (2 Chronicles 9:22)
Solomon was a flashy, flamboyant entertainer, but he was also full of worldly wisdom.  He was the wisest king on earth.  He undoubtedly had the gift of perception from a peacock's eye on his first finger.

Peacock's Eye on Middle Finger

The Peacock's Eye on the middle finger represents a glamorous perspective of the system or glamorous integration or production.  This type will see the glamour or glory in any job.

Peacock's Eye on Ring Finger

The Peacock's Eye on the third finger represents miraculous deliverance from danger.  This is the mission impossible type, like Noah, Jonah, or Paul.  Noah survived the worst catastrophe in human history.  He was delivered through the flood (1 Peter 3:20; 2 Peter 2:5).  Jonah was swallowed by a big fish but later resuscitated.  And Paul was delivered though a death experience when he was stoned (Acts 14:19; 2 Corinthians 12:2-4).

Peacock's Eye on Little Finger

The Peacock's Eye on the little finger represents a King's servant or someone who serves royalty or very important people (Gen. 40:1-22; Neh. 1:11).  Although the person is a servant, the servant of a king is in a different class.  Examples include butlers, maids, and wine stewards.  A person with a Peacock's Eye on the little finger will see the glory in the most humble circumstances.

Peacock's Eye on Thumb

The Peacock's Eye on the thumb represents royal flare, fanfare, or ceremony (1 Chron 15:16).  This may be expressed with music, marching, salutes, dress, and decor.

Common Loop

Common Loop
Loop on First Finger
Loop on Middle Finger
Loop on Ring Finger
Loop on Little Finger
Loop on Thumb

Common Loop

Common LoopThe Common, or Ulnar, Loop represents a natural follower.  Note:  When the right hand is held in front of the face, the Common Loop is open toward the side of the hand with the little finger, i.e. the ulnar side.  The person with this type of fingerprint may have a short attention span, think quickly, and need variation.  Yet, such people are adaptable and flexible.  They are also mild mannered, middle of the road types who fit in.  They are easy-going and responsive.  They are roving thinkers.  They may have strong commitments to religion.  The type of follower depends on the finger on which the loop is located.
 
 
 

The Common Loop

.
Finger
Meaning
Right
Left
1 Forefinger Good follower Improviser, acting in various capacities, service Conventional, conservative, amenable to change
2 Middle Finger Team player Devoted, versatile, responsive Open minded in religion,  live and let live
3 Ring Finger Conformity to law or standards Just, lawful, obeying rules/procedures, adaptable, valuing fashion and beauty Sense of justice and fair play; ability to handle interruptions
4 Little Finger Humble Humility, ease of expression, good communication Knowing self, weaknesses, and limitations; go with the flow
5 Thumb Submissive Servant, operator, graceful Flight not fight

Loop on First Finger

A Loop on the first finger is the sign of a good follower.  A loop on the right forefinger may include improvisation, flexibility to act in various capacities, and service.  On the left forefinger it may mean being amenable to change, or it may represent followers who are conservative and employ conventional solutions.  The follower is as necessary as a leader for an authority relationship to succeed.

Ruth followed Naomi to a new land and culture (Ruth 1:16-17).  Elisha followed Elijah and ministered to him (1 Kings 19:19-21; 2 Kings 2:2, 4, 6)

Loop on Middle Finger

The Loop on the middle finger is a sign of a team player.  On the left middle finger it represents one who is open minded in religion or practices live and let live.  On the right middle finger it indicates being responsive, devoted, versatile.  This type may be versatile in regard to fitting in, but versatility interferes with the concentration in this type.  The versatility and concentration are contradictory; so, the person may be easily interrupted.

David's friend, Jonathan (1 Samuel 18:1-4; 19:4) had these traits, as did the three men who fetched David water from the well of Bethlehem (2 Samuel 23:14-17)

Loop on Ring Finger

The Loop on the ring finger represents conformity to the law or standards.  On the right ring finger, it represents a person who is just, lawful, and obeys rules and procedures.  And it may mean being adaptable or valuing fashion and beauty.  On the left ring finger it indicates a sense of justice and fair play.  And it may indicate valuing fashion and beauty.  It may also reveal an ability to handle interruptions without being frustrated or confused.

Esther was the epitome of this (Esther 2:8, 10, 12, 14)

Loop on Little Finger

The Loop on the little finger means being humble.  On the right little finger it may represent ease of expression and good communication.  On the left little finger, it represents knowing self, and awareness of weaknesses and limitations.  And it represents those who go with the flow.

Loop on Thumb

The Loop on the thumb is the sign of being submissive.  On the right thumb it is the sign of a servant or operator in contrast to an analyst, designer, or tester.  And it indicates being graceful.  On the left thumb, it represents flight not fight.

Abraham's servant, Eliezer of Damascus (Genesis 24:2; 15:2) was an honorable servant.

Radial Loop

Radial Loop
Radial Loop on First Finger
Radial Loop on the Middle Finger
Radial Loop on the Third Finger
Radial Loop on the Little Finger
Radial Loop on the Thumb
Loops

Radial Loop

The Radial Loop represents individualists and often leaders in new directions.  It represents people who do not go with the flow but go against the grain.  People with Radial Loops exhibit originality, and are often good improvisers but in a different way from those with Common Loops.  People with Radial Loops do not improvise to conform but in non-conformity.  They may also be inventive, but they are much less adaptable and flexible than those with the ulnar loops. They may have sharp visual memories and are able to recall images, actions, and emotions.  However, they have selective perception and remember selectively.   They seldom remember all the information they have encountered.  They may be hypersensitive and uncompromising.  They are a dire omen to groups of impending life or death decisions.  And they elicit reaction and friction from the rest of the group.

Radial Loops are quite rare.  In one study 55% had Common Loops on the right thumb, while only 0.22% had Radial Loops.  On the left thumb, 65% had Common Loops, and 0.20% had Radial Loops.1  When they are present, Radial Loops are usually found on the index finger or thumb, but seldom on the other fingers.

A word of caution:  The thumb print is reversed on paper in contrast to when it is observed in one's own hand.  Radial means open toward the thumb side of the hand when the fingerprint is on paper.
 

The Radial Loop

.
Finger
Meaning
Right
Left
1 Forefinger Individualist Leader, improviser, unconventional Refusal to be led; sharp perception,  hypersensitive, selective memory
2 Middle Finger Inventor Creator, innovator, mental control of bodily functions  Non-conformist, social misfit
3 Ring Finger Non-standard Originality, reformer, Reverse Process Reversionism Dissident
4 Little Finger (Rare) Unorthodox Inventors of evil or new religions Apostate, heretical
5 Thumb Rebel  Extremist, radical Reactionary, uncompromising

Radial Loop on First Finger

The Radial Loop on the first finger represents an individualist.  Others may see the person as peculiar.  The Radial Loop on the right forefinger represents a leader, improviser, or one who is unconventional.  The leader, may not, however, lead anyone.  Samson was an example of this kind of leader.  The person may be unconventional and have keen perceptive ability to see the shortcomings or feet of clay of those who follow conventional thinking.  This one may expose hidden flaws or develop a new strategy or paradigm as a new solution.  This quite often causes friction with the common loop conformists.  Therefore, this type may not have much of a following.

The Radial Loop on the left forefinger, in contrast, represents refusal to be led.  This is the opposite of the Radial Loop on the right forefinger where the leader goes in his own, unique direction.  The Radial Loop on the left forefinger signifies a person who will absolutely not be led by anyone; and, moreover, may go in the opposite direction.  Jonah was the example of this type.  The Radial Loop on the left forefinger may also be the sign of sharp perception, but it may be selective and with a selective memory.  This type sees what he wants to see and forgets the rest.  This type may also be hypersensitive and react to the slightest criticism.

A person with a radial loop on the forefinger will cause major friction in a group whether or not the person with the radial loop is right.  When a person with a radial loop arrives in a group, it can be a dire omen that life and death decisions must be made to avoid disaster.  The person with the radial loop will be able to recognize and quickly orient to a new paradigm.  If the group listens to the person with the radial loop, it can be delivered.  The person with the radial loop will have the backbone to stand up to the whole world, unlike the others in the group with common loops, eyes,  tents, and arches, who are all followers.  Friction in the group will usually be due to the reaction of those without radial loops, who are natural followers of the party line.  But when the party line is wrong, it takes a person with a radial loop to stand up to them.  Those with eyes may see the truth, but lack the backbone to stand up for it, and those with common loops will simply follow the status quo.

Samson

Samson was an example of a person with a Radial Loop on the right forefinger.  When he discovered his Right Woman, who was a Philistine, he married her in spite of his parents' reservations (Judges 14:1-3).  He was an individual who refused to go with the flow.  He improvised unique punishments for the Philistines.  He caught jackals, tied their tails together, set torches between them, and turned them loose into the fields of the Philistines.

Judges 15:4-5
4 And Samson went and caught three hundred jackals, and took torches, and turned them (the jackals) tail to tail, and put one torch in the middle between two tails. 5 When he had set fire to the torches, he released the jackals into the standing grain of the Philistines, thus burning up both the shocks and the standing grain, along with the vineyards and groves.
The word for jackals is the same as the one for foxes.  People in Samson's day often used the word foxes when they meant jackals.  Samson caught jackals, which are easy to catch, and not foxes, which are difficult to catch.

Samson's relation to groups was unique.  At his wedding party he proposed a riddle with a wager attached.  The other members of the group could not accept the thought of losing the wager, so they cheated and got his bride to find out the secret (Judges 14:12-19).  This was a dirty trick, which shows the friction of the other members of the group against Samson.  Even Samson's wife was socially unfaithful and sided with her Philistine friends against her husband.  This show that marriages to a person with a radial loop can cause tribulation.

After Samson was captured by the Philistines, they amused themselves by watching him labor in captivity.  This was another example of how groups can be cruel to a person with a radial loop.  Samson's message had really been that inner marriage is the only solution to the friction between the Jews and the Philistines.  But even after Samson married a Philistine, she refused to obey him.  When the Philistines were celebrating in the name of Dagon, they amused themselves by watching Samson labor.  This was Samson with his radial loop in a group.  He used the opportunity to pull the building down on himself and killed more in his death than in his life (Judges 16:23-30).

Jonah

Jonah was the example of a person with a Radial Loop on the left forefinger.  When the LORD told him to go to Nineveh, which was across the desert to the northeast of Israel, it struck a hypersensitive nerve.

Jonah 1:1-2
1 The word of the Lord came to Jonah the son of Amittai saying, 2 “Arise, go to Nineveh the great city, and preach against it, for their wickedness has come up before Me.”
The LORD told him to go preach against Nineveh because He was about to destroy it.  But Jonah figured that even if he carried out the distasteful assignment that the LORD would renege, exercise compassion, and not destroy Nineveh, the largest city in the world (Jonah 4:2).  Jonah was right about this.  He thought Nineveh, the capital of the Gentile world, would find the favor of God and replace Israel as the Client Nation.  Consequently, Jonah would be made a fool in the eyes of the world of both Jews and Gentiles (1 Corinthians 4:9-10).  Jonah surmised that if he succeeded, the strategic path would lead to him being hanged out to dry.  Jonah was no fool.  He was considering the strategic results of his evangelistic success.  In his brilliance, the greatest evangelist in the Bible fell into Satan's trap through the back door.
Jonah 1:3, NAS
3 But Jonah rose up to flee to Tarshish from the presence of the Lord. So he went down to Joppa, found a ship which was going to Tarshish, paid the fare, and went down into it to go with them to Tarshish from the presence of the Lord.
Jonah's Radial Loop on the left forefinger kicked in, and he took a ship in the opposite direction to Tarshish, which was the city of Tartessus9, a Phoenician port in Spain.  "Tarshish," from the Akkad, is simply a general term for a smelting plant or refinery.10  The real name of the city is believed to be Tartessus, which was in Spain, but the exact location is unknown.  The LORD told Jonah to go to Nineveh to the northeast across the desert, but Jonah fled from the presence of the LORD and sailed for Spain across the Mediterranean to the northwest.  Jonah could not simply refuse to obey.  He reacted and went in the opposite direction.  People with radial loops on the left forefinger simply will not follow a leader.  They react and go the opposite way.  This is precisely the difference between the Common Loop and the Radial Loop.

Jonah was a believer who was advancing across no-man's land to Spiritual Maturity and the greatest evangelist in the Bible, but his Radial Loop on the non-dominant hand got in the way.  He was hypersensitive about being made to appear like a fool in front of the largest city in the world.  Jonah disobeyed the LORD and started across the Mediterranean, but a violent storm threatened his ship.  Jonah caused the group on the ship to face a life and death decision, but Jonah was sound asleep as the storm howled.  He knew the reason for the storm and he was willing to let everyone die on his behalf.  His Radial Loop on the passive hand did not actively seek to help.  The men onboard cast lots to find out who caused the calamity and the lot fell on Jonah.  Finally, when pressed, he responded with the truth that the others in the group couldn't see.  He told them that the storm was because of him and that if they would throw him overboard, they would be delivered.  They faced a life and death decision and feared being convicted as criminals, but they listened to Jonah and were delivered.  This shows the friction between a person with a Radial Loop and other members of the group.

Jonah was swallowed by a great fish, probably a large shark.  After spending three days and nights in the maw of the fish, however, he had a change of heart and overlooked the influence of the Radial Loop.  He went to Nineveh and preached the Word.  The people of Nineveh believed in the LORD, and the LORD had compassion on them.

When the LORD did not destroy Nineveh, this caused Jonah to react from his Radial Loop again.  Jonah was willing to die in his reaction to God from the motivation of his Radial Loop.  He demonstrated this when he submitted to being thrown overboard and later on two other occasions when God did not destroy Nineveh and when God chopped down his shade shrub (Jonah 1:12; 4:3, 8).  Thus, the person with the radial loop on the left thumb will die before he will submit.

There were at least 120,000 children in Nineveh who had not yet reached the age of accountability.  God spared them because their parents believed.

“And should I not have compassion on Nineveh, the great city in which there are more than 120,000 persons who do not know the difference between their right and left hand, as well as many animals?” (Jonah 4:11, NAS)
The punch line, which is the last verse in the book of Jonah, is that 120,000 didn't know the difference between their left hand and their right, which describes the ignorance of a child under the age of about 7 and who has not reached accountability. If God destroyed Nineveh, innocent children and animals would also perish.  Nineveh was about 55 miles in circumference, or 17.5 miles in diameter, which is the size of Houston from the east 610 Loop to west Beltway 8.  Furthermore, the Nineveh metropolitan area included four cities, not just Nineveh.  The punch line of the last verse also lends credence to the need for understanding the difference between the left hand and right hand in order to correctly interpret Jonah's behavior related to his Radial Loop.

Radial Loop on the Middle Finger

The Radial Loop on the middle finger represents an inventor.  A Radial Loop on the right middle finger, may signify an inventor who becomes a creator or innovator to provide something new and unique for the system.  This type may also have unique abilities over his own body system and be able to exercise mental control over bodily functions such as heartbeat or digestion.  A Radial Loop on the left middle finger may signify a person who turns away from the system, however, and is a non-conformist or a social misfit.

Uzziah, the tenth King of Judah, who ruled 767-716 BC, was a progressive leader who believed in a strong military.  Inventors who worked for him invented early versions of catapults that shot both arrows and large rocks.

In Jerusalem he manufactured machines of war, inventions of creative men to be on the towers and battlements to shoot with arrows and large stones.  Hence his fame spread afar, for he was marvelously helped until he was strong. (2 Chronicles 26:15)
Uzziah, as the King, oversaw the manufacture of machines of war.  He did not do the work personally, but he was a progressive leader who acquired new inventions for warfare.  His military engineers invented the first catapult type machines for shooting arrows and large stones.  The word that is translated, "machine," is the Hebrew chishabon.  The word for "inventions" is the Hebrew machashebeth, which is a noun, while the verbal root, chashab, also appears as a Qal active participle and means creative or inventive.  Thus, it is quite obvious that these were new inventions.  Therefore, the historians who credit these inventions to the Greeks in 400 BC are behind time.

Radial Loop on the Third Finger

The Radial Loop on the third finger (ring finger) represents accepting the non-standard.  There is a difference between innovation within a system, which often leads to improvements, and the non-standard.  Standards exist in most academic fields.  Standards exist in music for writing and playing.  There are standards in science, mathematics, and engineering.  There are standards of Law and Jurisprudence.  There are standards in sports, and standards in business.  For example, denominations of money represent a standard.  The third finger represents justice and is symbolized by a scale.  The Mosaic Law prohibited non-standard pricing and measuring in business.
Leviticus 19:35-36, NAS
35 ‘You shall do no wrong in judgment, in measurement of weight, or capacity. 36 ‘You shall have just balances, just weights, a just ephah, and a just hin: I am the Lord your God, who brought you out from the land of Egypt.
The Law also prescribed standards for obeying the Law and Ordinances, which were the procedures associated with the ministry of the Tabernacle in worship.
‘You shall thus observe all My statutes, and all My ordinances, and do them: I am the LORD.’” (Leviticus 19:37, NAS)
Non-standard practices in business which cheat people violate the Laws of Establishment, which protect personal freedom.  The Decalogue, or Ten Commandments, which was instituted when Israel came out of Egypt, was designed to protect human freedom.
Differing weights and differing measures,
Both of them are abominable to the LORD. (Proverbs 20:10, NAS)

“Can I (the LORD) justify wicked scales
And a bag of deceptive weights? (Micah 6:11, NAS)

The Radial Loop on the right third finger may represent originality on the good side.  On the bad side, it may also be a sign of Reverse Process Reversionism, which means turning away from the Right Man or Woman to pursue a paramour.  Lamech was the first polygamist in history.  He had two wives and, thus, turned away from the Right Man - Right Woman principle of Marriage Culture (Genesis 4:19-24).  Lamech not only violated the most fundamental principles of God's commandments, such as marriage and murder, but he bragged about these things.  Reverse Process Reversionism is fueled by jealousy, which rejects the Right Man or Woman and is jealously attracted to a paramour.  Such a person has his wires crossed.  He thinks good is evil and evil is good.

A Radial Loop on the left third finger may be a dissident.

Radial Loop on the Little Finger

The Radial Loop on the little finger is very rare.  However, examples are found in the Bible.  The Radial Loop on the little finger represents being unorthodox, especially in religion. On the right and it may signify reversionists who are inventors of evil (Romans 1:30).  Rather than obeying God, they invent and contrive their own evil practices.  The Radial Loop on the right little finger may also be expressed in inventing new religions.  On the left little finger, the Radial Loop may be a sign of an apostate or heretic (Jeremiah 8:5; 2 Thessalonians 2:3; Galatians 5:4; Jude 18-19).

Radial Loop on the Thumb

The Radial Loop on the thumb may be the sign of a rebel.  The thumb represents the will of God, and a Radial Loop on the thumb first symbolizes rebellion against God.  The children of Israel were rebellious against God (Psalm 78:17).
“Remember, do not forget how you provoked the Lord your God to wrath in the wilderness; from the day that you left the land of Egypt until you arrived at this place, you have been rebellious against the Lord. (Deuteronomy 9:7, NAS)

“For I know your rebellion and your stubbornness; behold, while I am still alive with you today, you have been rebellious against the Lord; how much more, then, after my death? (Deuteronomy 31:27, NAS)

Sheba, the son of Bikri, rebelled against David (2 Samuel 20:1, 21), and Jeroboam rebelled against Solomon and took ten tribes of Israel with him to form the Northern Kingdom (1 Kings 11:26).

On the right thumb, the Radial Loop may be expressed as a radical or extremist.  On the left thumb, it may be the sign of a reactionary or one who is uncompromising.

Arch

Arch
Arch on First Finger
Arch on the Middle Finger
Arch on the Third Finger
Arch on the Little Finger
Arch on the Thumb

Arch

ArchThe Arch, which symbolizes a doorway of a house or tent, represents traditional values.  Such types may be tied to the past and strongly influenced by their home life.  An example is the son who takes over the family business or a person who chooses a traditional, practical occupation, such as a baker, servant, mason, carpenter, barber, craftsman, housewife, or farmer.  In general, those with arches are ordinary and practical people who do not have an easy life.  They tend toward introversion and withdrawal, and they may be defensive and shy.1  The traditional values may be a reaction to some painful experience in the past.  For example, a shameful experience may lead to working hard to overcome the stigma.  The arched print demonstrates that the shameful experience was provided from the Sovereign Design of God to mold the personality.  Arches are rare and only occur in about 4% of fingers.

Living in tents characterized the Tribe of Issachar in contrast to Zebulun who traveled extensively on the sea.

And of Zebulun he said,
”Rejoice, Zebulun, in your going forth,
And, Issachar, in your tents. (Deuteronomy 33:18, NAS)
Issachar, symbolized by a donkey, represented the blue-collar worker and servant who paid tribute.  He would gladly work for material possessions, but he would submit to an enslaving government rather than die for freedom.  Issachar had the characteristics of arched fingerprints.

Arches on the fingers of the right hand represent active expression of the traditional value or job skill.  On the fingers of the left hand, arches may represent passive response to or reaction to the traditional values or ties to the past.  For example a person with an arch on the active ring finger may be a sculptor, while a person with an arch on the passive ring finger may be an appreciator, or collector, of sculpture.
 

The Arch

.
Finger
Meaning
1 Forefinger Traditional values in leadership, career, business; trades, blue-collar worker
2 Middle Finger Traditional values in management, organization; student, farmer, housewife, social worker
3 Ring Finger Standards of justice, rule of law, fair play; law enforcement; arts and crafts; tailors
4 Little Finger Traditional values of self, femininity, and communication; orthodox religion 
5 Thumb Traditional values regarding the will, masculinity, lust

Arch on First Finger

The Arch on the first finger may represent strong traditional values in the leadership of groups and organizations.  It may represent the values required to be successful in a career or business.  These people don't have to be leaders, per se, but simply those who are letting their light shine.  Such a person may carry on the family business or may simply choose a traditional profession, such as a trade or agriculture.  Shop foremen or leaders of work crews would fit this category.  Others may be motivated to succeed due to debilitating problems that led to low self esteem.  For example, people with eating disorders, disabilities, weaknesses, or types of self-abuse may be motivated to become strong.

Joshua characterizes a person with an arch on the left forefinger.  He probably had an eye on his right forefinger because he was a spy who saw clearly.  Joshua, who led the Army of Israel into the Promised Land, exhibited traditional values that he learned from Moses.  He was the guard at the doorway of the tent where Moses met the Lord (Exodus 33:11).  Joshua, who was Moses' assistant, or deputy, was like a vice president that takes over after the president leaves.

Arch on the Middle Finger

A person with an Arch on the middle finger may have traditional values associated with management.  The person may have developed these values after being mismanaged or abused by others.  Education may be pursued as a way out.  The person may desire a full understanding, which often makes a good student.  This category may include shop foremen, carpenters, farmers, social workers, nurses, and housewives.

Martha invited Jesus into her home, but was preoccupied with preparing dinner (Luke 10:38-42).  Preoccupation with the details of life is characteristic of a person with an Arch fingerprint.

Arch on the Third Finger

A person with an Arch on the third finger may have standards of justice and fair play.  The behavior may have resulted from overcoming an injustice.  Those with an Arch on the third finger may enter professions such as law enforcement, sports, arts and crafts, maintenance and repair.  They tend to be doers rather than talkers.

Although they were also endued with the Holy Spirit, the greatest craftsmen in history, Bezalel and Oholiab, who made the furniture, curtains, and holy garments for the Tabernacle, undoubtedly had Arches on their right ring fingers (Exodus 31:1-11).  Their skill in craftsmanship was never equaled.  When they died, no one was ever able to replace the Ark of the Covenant, for example.

Cain, who murdered his brother, Abel, had his life forever changed by the judgment in the form of a curse from God (Genesis 4:8-15).  The criminal who accepted Christ on the Cross behaved as if he had an Arch on his third finger (Luke 23:39-43).

Arch on the Little Finger

A person with an Arch on the little finger may have traditional values regarding their self, or the little man of the soul.  Such a person would be himself and avoid the temptation of charade.  This type might also have traditional values regarding femininity, since femininity is associated with the side of the hand associated with the little finger.  The type may follow traditional means of communication.  And in matters of religious beliefs, this type can be completely orthodox and willing to follow the prescribed dogma without variation. The religion may or may not be true.

Samson's bold expression was related to his Nazarite vow, which was his secret.  And Nathanael, one of the 11 true disciples, had this trait (John 1:47).

Arch on the Thumb

An Arch on the thumb would symbolize traditional values regarding the will (volition).  The traditional values may be a reaction to former lusts that were out of control.  Or they may be the expression of traditional values of masculinity.

The Prodigal Son in the parable of Jesus illustrates the Arch on the thumb (Luke 15:11-32).  Other characteristics of the Prodigal Son include a thumb with thick tip phalange and thin second phalange and a bowed forefinger.

Tent

Tent
Tent on the First Finger
Tent on the Middle Finger
Tent on the Third Finger
Tent on the Little Finger
Tent on the Thumb

Tent

TentThe Tent is a much more intense intellectual tie to the past or home life than the Arch.  Abraham lived in a tent because God promised a city.  He lived in anticipation of the fulfillment of that promise.   Abraham was a patriarch, who passed down his tent and wealth to his heir.  A person with a Tent fingerprint may also be reacting to some extreme circumstance in the past.  People with the Tent fingerprint may also have a tendency to be hypersensitive.
 
 
 
 

Tent

.
Finger
Meaning
Right
Left
1 Forefinger Shepherd Teacher, educator Facilitator
2 Middle Finger Patriarch Family elder Disciple
3 Ring Finger Rich Heritage Preeminent inheritance of firstborn Recognition of firstborn's inheritance
4 Little Finger Least Son Least inheritance of last born; humble origin Accepting or reacting to humble status
5 Thumb Captain, conqueror Military officer, deliverer, breadwinner Staff officer

Tent on the First Finger

A person with a Tent on the first finger is symbolized by a shepherd.  A shepherd is a metaphor for a person who tends a flock, though not necessarily of sheep or a congregation.  The shepherd, as the Tent implies, will be engaged in a traditional profession which uses intellectual knowledge.  A Tent on the right forefinger may be the sign of a teacher, educator, or some other kind of academic leader.  The Tent points out a person who has professional knowledge as opposed to good worker in a profession.  On the left forefinger, this may represent a facilitator, assistant, or supporter in the intellectual endeavor.

John the Baptist, who was the herald of Jesus Christ, may have had a tent on his right first finger.

Tent on the Middle Finger

A person with a Tent on the middle finger is symbolized by a patriarch.  A Tent on the right middle finger represents the family elder.  Jabal was the father (patriarch) of nomadic, or pastoral life, of those who live in tents.
And Adah gave birth to Jabal; he was the father of those who dwell in tents and have livestock. (Genesis 4:20, NAS)
Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob all became family elders.  They were patriarchs.  A person with a Tent on the middle finger may maintain family tradition.  Jacob lived in a tents with his twelve sons who became the twelve tribes of Israel.
How fair are your tents, O Jacob,
Your dwellings, O Israel! (Numbers 24:5, NAS)
The patriarch had seniority in the family and was the defacto chief of the tribe.  He was the entrepreneur.  By analogy, the Tent on the middle finger may represent a person who founds a new institution, business enterprise, movement, or even a new religion.

A Tent on the left hand may signify a disciple, or avid student who seeks a complete understanding.  This type may hang on every word of the teacher.  Mary, the sister of Martha, had this trait (Luke 10:38-42).  Mary sought fulfillment of her intellectual needs while Martha sought to manage the kitchen.  Tents are very rare on the middle finger and occur in only .7% of fingers according to Scotland Yard.

Tent on the Third Finger

A Tent on the third, ring, finger represents a rich heritage, i.e. the inheritance of the first-born.  A Tent on the right ring finger represents the inheritance of the first-born, while a Tent on the left ring finger represents recognition of that inheritance.  The inheritance represents the intellectual tie to justice associated with the third finger.  The intellectual tie may also be a reaction to an earlier injustice, which the hypersensitive nature of the person with a Tent on the ring finger would take seriously.  For example, Jacob and Esau were twins; but Esau was born first and, consequently, entitled to the family inheritance.  However, Jacob chiseled Esau out of his inheritance.  When Esau realized what had happened, he became very angry and sought to kill Jacob in reaction to the earlier injustice.  Jacob had to flee the country in fear for his life.  Esau probably had a tent on his left ring finger - on the hand with which he was born.  Jacob probably had a tent on his right ring finger - on his active hand.

Abraham left his estate in Ur, where he was an aristocrat, as he separated from the world in obedience to the Lord's command.  He continued to live in a tent for the rest of his life although  he was very wealthy and could afford his own city.  He left a city; God promised a city; and he was waiting for God to fulfill His promise (Hebrews 11:9-10).  That promise will be fulfilled in the Millennium.  Abraham was a patriarch, who passed on the family heritage to his son, Isaac.  Abraham lived in a tent, which represented family tradition.  Isaac inherited Abraham's tent and carried on the family tradition.

Tent on the Little Finger

A Tent on the little finger symbolizes the least son.  As the last born son, he will receive the least (or even nothing) from the family inheritance.  Similarly, a Tent on the right little finger may represent a person of humble origin.  A Tent on the left little finger may represent accepting or reacting to the humble origin.  A person with a Tent on the little finger may have an intellectual tie to self or humility.  This may be due to heritage.  Or it may be a reaction to abuse.  The expression may be related to communication, care, or individualism.

Joseph refused to allow his body to be buried in Egypt (Genesis 50:25; Exodus 13:19; Joshua 24:32; Hebrews 11:22).  He never forgot his roots.

Tent on the Thumb

A Tent on the thumb symbolizes a military captain or conqueror, who protects the family estate.  A Tent on the thumb represents an intellectual tie to the will.  This may be a reaction to past lusts that were out of control.  Or it may be an intellectual expression of masculinity.  A Tent on the right thumb represents a military officer, deliverer, or breadwinner, whose success is related to his own volition as opposed to his inheritance.  A Tent on the left thumb may represent a staff officer or some equivalent supporter or helper.

The Apostle Paul who was the worst sinner who ever lived became the greatest teacher of Bible Doctrine (1 Timothy 1:15-16).

Double Loop

Double Loop
Double Loop on the First Finger
Double Loop on the Middle Finger
Double Loop on the Ring Finger
Double Loop on the Little Finger
Double Loop on the Thumb

Double Loop

Double LoopThe Double Loop is a combination of two loops pointed in opposite directions.  It is a type of Eye but is so unique that it needs to be considered separately.  The Double Loop is a special gift, but it may represent a gift for duplicity, such as a liar or a con artist.  However, the duplicity may also be used for good.  For example, a person who sees a wrong and seeks to correct it, like a person who helps the downtrodden.

The Double Loop is symbolized by the Hebrew word, Dothan, or Dathan, both of which come from the root, dath, meaning decree or law. Dothan can mean double decree, but the usage in scripture for both Dothan and Dathan is double cross.  Joseph was double-crossed by his brothers at Dothan where they threw him into a pit and sold him into slavery (Genesis 37:17). Dathan double-crossed Moses with Korah and Abiram, and the ground swallowed him up (Numbers 16:1-33).  Thus, the Double Loop is found in scripture as the double cross of Dothan and Dathan.
 

Double Loop

.
Finger
Meaning
Right
Left
1 Forefinger Duplicitous leader Seducer, conspirator Lone Ranger, Robin Hood
2 Middle Finger Duplicitous disciple Whistle blower, weaving mysteries, charlatan Exposing or assisting fraud
3 Ring Finger Duplicitous justice Exposing feet of clay or tragic flaw; destroyer; lawyer Finding fault; solving mysteries, detectives
4 Little Finger Duplicitous self Con artist, thief, salesman Embezzler
5 Thumb Duplicitous will Domination; enslaver Rescuer, deliverer

Double Loop on the First Finger

The Double Loop on the first finger represents a duplicitous leader.  On the right forefinger, it may represent a seducer, who says one thing to get another.  Delilah used her seductive power to get Samson to tell her the secret of his great strength (Judges 16:4-21).  Amnon feigned illness in order to be alone with his sister, Tamar, and rape her (2 Samuel 13:1-13). It may represent a conspirator, who says things to usurp authority and gain power.  Absalom was an example of a conspirator (2 Samuel 15:1-6).

On the left forefinger is the Lone Ranger type, who wears a mask like a bandit but destroys bandits.  Or it may be like Robin Hood, who robs the rich to give to the poor.

Double Loop on the Middle Finger

The Double Loop on the middle finger represents a duplicitous disciple.  The stand-out example was Judas Iscariot, who betrayed the Lord Jesus Christ.  The Double Loop on the right middle finger may represent a whistle blower, who works in an organization but has ulterior motives, maybe good or maybe bad.  Or it may represent a person who weaves mysteries.  Or it may represent a charlatan, who makes showy pretenses of knowledge for fraudulent purposes.  On the left middle finger it may represent a person who exposes fraud or one who assists it, or a person who exposes feet of clay.

Abraham, who lied about Sarah being his sister, behaved as if he had a Double Loop on his middle finger (Genesis 12:13; 20:2).  The middle finger is how self relates to others and how a person manages others.  Abraham was afraid that he would be killed because of Sarah's beauty; so he told her to lie and say she was his sister.  She was his half sister, but she was still his wife.

Double Loop on the Ring Finger

The Double Loop on the ring finger represents duplicitous justice.  The Gibeonites pretended to come from a foreign country in order to deceive Joshua into signing a peace treaty with them by duplicity (Joshua 9:1-27).  On the right ring finger the Double Loop may represent a person who sees the feet of clay of another and exposes them.  This may lead to being an iconoclast or an activist.  Such types may also be good at violating privacy and starting gossip.  The person with a Double Loop on the right ring finger may also have a knack for destruction.  For example, the person may be able to make a move that destroys a house of cards or enter a command that brings down a computer system.  Lawyers may also be duplicitous.  They may not be defenders of justice so much as motivated by greed.

A Double Loop on the left ring finger may represent a gift for finding fault.  Such people may be excellent quality inspectors, detectives, or verification specialists.  This type may also be gifted at unraveling mysteries.

Double Loop on the Little Finger

A Double Loop on the little finger represents a duplicitous self.  On the right little finger it may represent a con artist or a common thief.  However, it may also represent a good salesman, who is honestly trying to help a person in need.  On the left hand it may represent an embezzler or an accountant who cooks the books.

Double Loop on the Thumb

A Double Loop on the thumb represents duplicitous will.  On the right hand it may be the sign of domination or an enslaver.  The ulterior motive of this type is to dominate or enslave.  Sometimes Baal uses such types as bait for his trap.  Absalom behaved as if he had a Double Loop on his right thumb.  He invited King David and his sons to his sheepshearing, which he used as a ruse to have Amnon murdered (2 Samuel 13:24-33).  On the left thumb the Double Loop may be the sign of a rescuer or deliverer, who sees the plight of another and tries to help.

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References

1.  Edward D. Campbell.  "Fingerprints & Palmar Dermatoglyphics," 1998. http://www.edcampbell.com/PalmD-History.htm
2.  Arnold Holtzman.  Psychodiagnostic Chirology, 1996. Walt Disney.
3.  Andres J. Washington.  "Fingerprint Geometric Analysis,"  Richard Nixon, Albert Einstein.
4.  "Arabian Oryx," http://www.datadubai.com/oryx.htm
5.  Larry Wood.  "CONTROL ROOM IN HEAVEN,"  March 15, 2001.
6.  Merrill Unger, R. K. Harrison ed.  The New Unger's Bible Dictionary, (Chicago:  Moody Press, Chicago, IL 60610), 1988, p. 847.
7.  Deleted.
8.  Kenneth A. Lagerstrom.  The Layman's Guide to Cheirology, 1998.  http://www.humanhand.com/laymans2.html
9.   C. F. Keil and F. Delitzch (James Martin, Translator), Commentary on the Old Testament, Vol. X, ISBN
0-8028-8044-4 (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans Publishing Co.), 1978, p. 391.
10. Merrill Unger, R. K. Harrison ed.  The New Unger's Bible Dictionary, (Chicago:  Moody Press, Chicago, IL 60610), 1988, p. 1252.


Released July 3, 2002 - Revised Oct. 22, 2014

Author: Larry Wood
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